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The Full Guide to WHS Compliance in Australia

Written by Mathew French | 30 July 2024

Saying that employment law in Australia is complicated is an understatement. There’s so much to get your head around, yet non-compliance can cost businesses thousands. 

Employment laws in Australia include key legislations such as the Fair Work Act 2009, which outlines national employment standards, and the Work Health and Safety Act 2011, which aims to secure a safe working environment. 

With numerous employer obligations introduced throughout 2023, it is extremely important to ensure your organisation remains up-to-date. 

This 2024 guide to Australian workplace compliance will help you navigate these obligations. Read on to find out everything you need to know about ⬇️

  • WHS compliance
  • How you can monitor WHS compliance
  • What the consequences are for WHS non-compliance
  • What responsibilities you have as an employer in ensuring a safe workplace
  • How you can assist with reporting on the outcomes of compliance assessments

Let’s dive right in!

The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (WHS Act)

The Work Health and Safety (WHS) Act is a cornerstone of Australia’s effort to harmonise work health and safety laws across the country. 

The WHS Act aims to ensure that all workers in Australia enjoy the same level of health and safety protection, regardless of their job or location. This national approach provides greater certainty for businesses, particularly those operating across state borders, and aims to reduce compliance costs over time.

It specifies the actions necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of your workers and others who may be affected by your business operations. The WHS Act safeguards all workers, including:

  • Employees
  • Contractors
  • Subcontractors
  • Outworkers
  • Apprentices
  • Trainees
  • Work experience students
  • Volunteers
  • Employers who perform work

What is the purpose of the WHS act? 

The WHS Act establishes a comprehensive framework designed to protect the health, safety, and welfare of all workers and other people who may be affected by work activities, including 👇

  • Risk management: Eliminating or minimising risks to health and safety arising from work or workplaces
  • Representation and cooperation: Ensuring fair and effective representation, consultation, and cooperation to address and resolve health and safety issues
  • Role of unions and employers: Encouraging unions and employer organisations to play a constructive role in improving workplace health and safety practices
  • Support for businesses and workers: Assisting businesses and workers in achieving safer working environments
  • Education and training: Promoting information, education, and training on work health and safety
  • Compliance and enforcement: Providing effective measures for compliance and enforcement

What is the Model WHS act? 

The model WHS Act serves as the foundation for the WHS Acts adopted in most jurisdictions across Australia.

The primary objective of the Act is to establish a balanced and nationally consistent framework to ensure the health and safety of workers and workplaces. It achieves this by:

  • Protecting workers and others from harm by requiring duty holders to eliminate or minimise risks
  • Providing for fair and effective representation, consultation, and cooperation.
  • Encouraging unions and employer organisations to play a constructive role in improving WHS practices
  • Promoting the provision of advice, information, education, and training related to WHS.
  • Ensuring compliance with the Act through effective and appropriate compliance and enforcement measures
  • Allowing for proper scrutiny and review of actions taken by individuals with powers or functions under the Act
  • Providing a framework for continuous improvement
  • Strengthening and maintaining the national harmonisation of WHS laws to facilitate a consistent national approach to WHS

➡️ It’s crucial to verify with your local regulators to confirm how the harmonised WHS laws specifically apply in your area. The consistent application of the WHS Act across different regions is designed to enhance workplace safety for everyone. Ensuring you understand and comply with these laws will help you create a safer and more compliant work environment. 👍

What is the role of WHS regulators?

In Australia, the Commonwealth, states, and territories are each responsible for creating and enforcing their own work health and safety (WHS) laws. Each jurisdiction has a dedicated WHS regulator tasked with ensuring compliance with these laws. 

The responsibilities of WHS regulators are the following ⬇️

  • Regulators actively monitor workplaces to ensure compliance with WHS laws. They enforce these laws by conducting inspections and taking necessary enforcement actions against non-compliance
  • Regulators provide advice and information to businesses and workers about their WHS duties. They help clarify legal obligations and best practices for maintaining safe workplaces
  • Regulators collect, analyse, and publish statistics related to workplace health and safety. This data helps identify trends, risks, and areas needing improvement
  • Regulators support and promote education and training initiatives on WHS. They ensure that duty holders, workers, and their representatives are well-informed and trained on WHS matters 
  • Regulators assist duty holders, workers, and their representatives in consulting and coordinating on WHS issues. This collaborative approach helps in addressing and resolving safety concerns effectively
  • Regulators promote and disseminate useful information, tools, and initiatives to improve WHS practices. They collaborate with other regulators to share resources and strategies for better compliance and enforcement

The National Compliance and Enforcement Policy (NCEP)

The National Compliance and Enforcement Policy (NCEP) in Australia is a framework designed to ensure a consistent approach to the monitoring and enforcement of work health and safety (WHS) laws across the country. 

This policy is a collaborative effort agreed upon by the Commonwealth, state, and territory governments to enhance workplace safety, provide uniform protection for Australian workers, and reduce the regulatory burden on businesses.

What are the focus areas of the NCEP? 

Work-related fatalities

  • Prevent work-related deaths by enforcing stringent safety standards and ensuring that duty holders adhere to their obligations
  • Conduct thorough investigations of fatalities
  • Implement preventive measures to avoid future incidents
  • Hold accountable those responsible for safety breaches leading to fatalities

Serious injuries

  • Minimise the occurrence of serious injuries in the workplace through proactive risk management and compliance enforcement
  • Promptly respond to and investigate serious injuries
  • Require businesses to implement corrective actions to prevent recurrence
  • Promote the adoption of safer work practices and technologies

Offences against health and safety representatives

  • Protect health and safety representatives (HSRs) from offences such as harassment, intimidation, or obstruction in the performance of their duties
  • Ensure HSRs can perform their roles without fear of retaliation
  • Enforce penalties against those who commit offences against HSRs
  • Encourage active and effective participation of HSRs in workplace safety matters

Discrimination against workers

  • Investigate complaints of discrimination related to WHS activities
  • Protect workers from adverse actions taken due to their involvement in WHS matters
  • Encourage a culture of openness and support for workers raising safety concerns

Creating and Maintaining WHS Policies and Procedures

Common components of a WHS policy

WHS Policies and Procedures are written documents that provide guidelines for how a business should handle all safety matters in the workplace. These documents can be as broad or specific as necessary to ensure everyone understands how to stay safe while working.

These are the components we would recommend adding to your WHS policy ⬇️

Occupational health & safety policy

This policy documents your commitment to ensuring a safe and healthy workplace for all workers. It outlines legal obligations and aligns with other organisational policies to prioritise everyone’s well-being.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) policy

A PPE policy provides clear instructions for the issuance, use, cleaning, storage, and disposal of PPE. It also defines each employee’s responsibility regarding PPE use and includes guidelines for maintaining a PPE register and conducting WHS training to ensure proper usage.

Emergency response plan

This plan provides comprehensive procedures for handling emergencies like evacuation routes, communication strategies, and responses to specific threats. It includes detailed maps highlighting important locations such as first aid resources and fire protection equipment.

Hazardous manual handling policy

This policy addresses the risks associated with manual handling tasks, such as lifting, pushing, and pulling. It outlines procedures to identify hazardous tasks and implement risk controls to protect workers from injuries.

Fitness for work plan

This plan outlines strategies to reduce the risk of incidents caused by employees being unfit for work. It addresses various factors that can affect an employee’s ability to work safely and ensures measures are in place to mitigate these risks.

Workplace violence prevention plan

This plan helps prevent aggressive behaviour in the workplace. It outlines the responsibilities of managers and employees in cases of violence, threats, harassment, or intimidation, and provides strategies for preventing workplace violence.

Forms kit

A forms kit includes all necessary documents for safety inspections and incident logging, such as checklists, forms, and registers. This kit helps companies comply with safety guidelines and regulations all in one handy place. 

Integrated management systems

An Integrated Health & Safety, Environmental & Quality Management System (HSEQ MS) streamlines management processes by providing access to all necessary policies and procedures in one place. This system aligns with ISO standards to ensure efficient and effective service delivery.

Workplace harassment policy

This policy provides clear steps for reporting incidents of harassment and the process for handling complaints. It’s a good idea to offer support resources for affected employees and outlines the responsibilities of managers in preventing and addressing harassment.

Chemical safety policy

Details safe practices for handling, storing, and disposing of hazardous chemicals. It also specifies the training requirements for employees who handle hazardous chemicals and ensures that Safety Data Sheets (SDS)  are available and accessible to all employees.

Electrical safety policy

This policy outlines the standards for electrical safety, including the use of proper equipment and techniques. It provides procedures for regular inspection and maintenance of electrical systems and equipment. It also details the steps to take in the event of an electrical emergency, such as a fire or shock incident.

Ergonomics policy

This policy provides regular training guidelines on ergonomic practices and assessments of workstations to ensure they meet ergonomic standards. It also offers frameworks for designing ergonomic workstations to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

💡 There are many more policies you can include to meet your organisation’s circumstances, like:

  • Noise control policy
  • Incident investigation policy
  • Fatigue management policy
  • First aid policy
  • Confined spaces policy
  • Working at heights policy

How to develop effective WHS procedures

Engage stakeholders early

Involve employees, health and safety representatives, and other stakeholders from the beginning. Their insights and experiences are invaluable in identifying potential hazards and practical solutions.

Assess risks thoroughly before anything else

Before you start writing any policy or procedure, thoroughly identify all potential hazards in the workplace through inspections, audits, and employee feedback. Assess the likelihood and impact of identified hazards to prioritise the most significant risks.

Write simple policies

Write your procedures in plain English to ensure they are easily understood by all employees, regardless of their role or literacy level. Minimise the use of technical jargon or complex terminology unless absolutely necessary.

Be detailed and specific

Provide detailed, step-by-step instructions for performing tasks safely and managing risks. Feel free to use diagrams, flowcharts, and images to clarify complex procedures and enhance understanding.

WHS Employer Responsibilities: a Checklist

To ensure compliance with Work Health and Safety (WHS) regulations in Australia, employers have to undertake a range of responsibilities. This checklist outlines the key actions and obligations to help maintain a safe and healthy workplace 👇

  • Familiarise yourself with the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 and relevant state or territory WHS laws
  • Stay updated on changes and amendments to WHS legislation
  • Create comprehensive WHS policies and procedures tailored to your workplace
  • Conduct regular risk assessments to identify potential hazards
  • Implement control measures to eliminate or minimise identified risks
  • Review and update risk assessments periodically and when changes occur in the workplace
  • Ensure all employees receive WHS training appropriate to their roles
  • Conduct regular refresher training sessions
  • Educate employees on emergency procedures, safe work practices, and the use of PPE
  • Establish processes for consulting with employees on WHS matters
  • Hold regular safety meetings and briefings
  • Implement a system for reporting hazards, incidents, and near misses
  • Investigate all incidents thoroughly to determine root causes and prevent recurrence
  • Maintain detailed records of all reports and investigations
  • Develop and implement an Emergency Response Plan
  • Conduct regular emergency drills and ensure all employees are familiar with evacuation routes and procedures
  • Equip the workplace with necessary emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits
  • Supply appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to employees
  • Ensure PPE is properly maintained, stored, and replaced as needed
  • Train employees on the correct use and care of PPE
  • Ensure contractors and subcontractors comply with WHS requirements. Provide them with relevant safety information and ensure they understand their responsibilities
  • Monitor contractor activities to ensure they adhere to WHS standards
  • Design the workplace to minimise risks (e.g., ergonomic considerations, proper ventilation, safe walkways)
  • Ensure supervisors are trained to handle WHS responsibilities

How to Monitor WHS Compliance

Creating effective WHS policies and procedures is one thing – monitoring your organisation’s WHS compliance is another… Here’s how you can keep a constant but efficient eye on WHS compliance ⬇️

Regular inspections

Regular inspections are crucial for identifying potential hazards and ensuring compliance with WHS policies. These planned inspections help maintain a proactive approach to safety management, preventing accidents before they occur.

  • Develop a checklist tailored to your workplace’s specific risks and requirements
  • Inspect all areas of the workplace, including equipment, processes, and employee practices
  • Schedule inspections regularly, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly, depending on the nature of the workplace and associated risks
  • Ensure inspections are conducted consistently and documented thoroughly

Safety audits

Safety audits are systematic evaluations of how well safety policies and procedures are implemented and followed. They help identify compliance gaps and areas for improvement.

  • Plan the audit by defining its scope, objectives, and criteria
  • Conduct the audit by reviewing documentation, observing workplace practices, and interviewing employees
  • Report the findings, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement

What should you focus on during safety audits? 

✅ Compliance with legal requirements and internal policies

✅ Effectiveness of risk management practices

✅ Adequacy of safety training and communication

Risk assessments

Perform a thorough initial assessment to establish a baseline understanding of workplace hazards and risks. You can then use the baseline assessment to develop risk control measures.

  • Identify all potential hazards, including physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic risks
  • Evaluate the likelihood and impact of each hazard
  • Update risk assessments periodically to reflect changes in the workplace, such as new equipment or processes
  • Ensure ongoing assessments are integrated into regular safety management activities
  • Promptly assess and address new hazards or changes that could impact safety
  • Implement and communicate updated control measures to all employees

Incident reporting and investigation

Develop a straightforward process for reporting hazards, incidents, and near misses – ensure all employees know how to report and feel comfortable doing so.

  • Promote a no-blame culture where employees are encouraged to report without fear of reprisal
  • Provide training on the importance of reporting and how to do it
  • Conduct prompt and thorough investigations to determine the root cause of incidents. Involve relevant stakeholders in the investigation process
  • Analyse findings to identify underlying issues and implement corrective actions
  • Communicate lessons learned and changes made to prevent recurrence

Employee training and engagement

Ongoing training ensures employees stay informed about WHS policies, procedures, and best practices, helping reinforce safety culture and compliance.

What topics should you cover?

✅ Specific hazards and risks relevant to the workplace

✅ Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

✅ Emergency procedures and incident reporting

How to engage your employees in WHS? 

  • Encourage employees to participate in safety committees and meetings
  • Solicit their feedback on WHS practices and potential improvements
  • Create mechanisms for employees to provide feedback on safety issues
  • Act on suggestions to demonstrate commitment to continuous improvement

Compliance tracking tools and software

WHS compliance software streamlines tracking, reporting, and managing safety data. It enhances efficiency and accuracy in monitoring compliance.

What features should you look for in your WHS compliance software?

  • Risk assessment and incident reporting modules
  • Training management and document control capabilities
  • Data analysis and reporting functionalities
  • Incident Reporting via Employee Self Service

Documentation and record keeping

Comprehensive records provide evidence of compliance and support continuous improvement. They help in identifying recurring issues and tracking corrective actions.

  • Store records in a central, easily accessible location
  • Use digital systems to organise and retrieve documents efficiently
  • Set a schedule for regular reviews to ensure policies and procedures remain relevant and effective
  • Include input from employees and stakeholders in the review process

FAQs – Frequently Asked Questions

What is WHS?

WHS (Work Health and Safety) refers to the laws, policies, procedures, and activities that aim to protect the health, safety, and welfare of people in the workplace. It encompasses the management of all potential hazards and risks to ensure a safe working environment for employees, contractors, visitors, and anyone else who might be affected by workplace activities.

What is WHS compliance?

WHS compliance involves adhering to the regulations and standards set out in the Work Health and Safety Act and related legislation. This includes implementing necessary measures to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses, conducting risk assessments, providing safety training, maintaining safety records, and ensuring that all WHS policies and procedures are followed.

How can I monitor WHS compliance in my workplace?

  • Conduct regular inspections and safety audits
  • Perform initial and ongoing risk assessments
  • Establish a clear incident reporting and investigation process
  • Provide continuous WHS training and engage employees in safety initiatives
  • Use WHS compliance software to track and analyse compliance data
  • Maintain thorough documentation and records of all safety activities and findings
  • Schedule regular reviews and updates of WHS policies and procedures

What should be included in a WHS compliance checklist?

  • Regular risk assessments and hazard identification
  • Scheduled workplace inspections and safety audits
  • Proper use and maintenance of personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Employee WHS training programs
  • Incident reporting and investigation procedures
  • Emergency response plans and drills
  • Maintenance of WHS documentation and records
  • Regular reviews and updates of WHS policies and procedures
  • Consultation and communication mechanisms for WHS matters
  • Compliance with relevant WHS legislation and standards

What are appropriate consequences for non-compliance with WHS systems?

Appropriate consequences for non-compliance with WHS systems can include warnings and reprimands, mandatory retraining on WHS policies and procedures, fines and financial penalties, and suspension or termination of employees who repeatedly fail to comply. Legal action and prosecution may be pursued for serious breaches, and increased monitoring and audits may be implemented to ensure future compliance.

How can my business ensure compliance with WHS legislation?

  • Stay informed about WHS laws and updates relevant to your industry
  • Develop and implement comprehensive WHS policies and procedures
  • Conduct regular training and refresher courses for all employees
  • Perform frequent risk assessments and safety audits
  • Establish clear incident reporting and investigation processes
  • Use WHS compliance software to manage and monitor safety activities
  • Maintain accurate and accessible WHS documentation and records
  • Engage employees in safety discussions and initiatives
  • Review and update WHS policies and procedures regularly